The Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) was a remarkable period in China’s history, characterised by extensive exploration and the expansion of trade routes to Europe, Africa, and the Indian Ocean, which resulted in a nearly doubled population. The Imperial Court became a hub for the arts, showcasing a diverse range of talents in literature, music, painting, sculpture, and ceramics. Artistic representations often depicted the calming lotus and dynamic horses, symbolising both serenity and strength, while music featured sustained notes and energetic rhythms that echoed these themes.

1. Lotus

2. Imperial Horses

Introduce your students to Russian classical music with "Pictures at an Exhibition" by Mussorgsky. "Promenade" links various pieces, while "Danse Caracteristique" features harmonics, syncopated accompaniments, and chromatic scales.

1. Promenade (Mussorgsky)

2. Dance Caracteristique (Rebikov)

For String Orchestra level 2.5

The Iching, a series of texts created by Emperor Zhou in the 9th century BC China, helps interpret thoughts and dreams. Its orchestral representation features an energetic section that paints a vibrant life in ancient China and concludes with thrilling cascades of repeated sixteenth notes.

Listen to In the Dreams of Zhou - for Guzheng and Strings

Lux Angelis is an advanced string orchestra piece with optional grade 1 and 2 strings, keyboard, and percussion. It represents light pervading the universe through harmonics and suspended chords. The seventh interval symbolizes the seven days of creation, while the two sections portray the challenges of dark forces. The piece ends with a chorus of angels bathed in light, symbolizing light's resilience.

Ideal for a festival orchestra with players at different levels, this piece is based on the medieval melody "L'Homme Arme", depicting a sword-wielding warrior. The middle section features a violin solo as a lullaby reflecting the armed man's war experiences. The final section celebrates the armed man walking in the light of peace and liberty with the South African song "Simbayama".

For 4 string orchestras and untuned percussion - Grade 3.5, 2, 1.5 & 1

The Wars of the Roses was a conflict between Lancaster and York from 1455 to 1487. Composer Walter Frye wrote music during this time, including "Alas, Alas, Alas is my Chief Song," which inspired this Fantasia. The piece depicts the storms of battle and blends antiquity with contemporary style.

Fantasia on a Theme by Walter Frye (d. 1474)

for String Orchestra (Grade 3) by Stephen Chin

Citadels, or walled fortresses, were built for centuries to defend civilizations from invaders. This music explores the imagery of a strong, passionate, and fiercely protective community. The middle section creates an atmosphere of a still yet edgy night. The main theme eventually fades away as the invaders recede.

For String Orchestra Grade 2.5